Journal: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

Article Title: Salicylate-Induced Suppression of Electrically Driven Activity in Brain Slices from the Auditory Cortex of Aging Mice

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00395

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of muscimol (MSC) on cortical LFP responses evoked by stimulation at one site in L4. (A) A representative example of an older SAMR1 mouse (12.5-month old). In (a) , superfusion of 5-μM MSC decreased the negative peak amplitudes of LFPs (T 2 and T 3 ) in the three layers (L2/3, L4 and L5), compared with control (T 1 ). At T 4 , the drug had been washed out. Durations of the three (control, 5-μM MSC, and washout) conditions are given in the black and white bars on the top. Typical LFP responses in L2/3 (b) , L4 (c) and L5 (d) at the four time points (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 ) are illustrated. (B) Similarly, a representative example of an older SAMP1 mouse (13-month old). In (a) , superfusion of 5-μM MSC also decreased the negative peak amplitudes of LFPs (T 2 and T 3 ), compared with control (T 1 ). At T 4 , the drug had been washed out. Typical LFP responses in L2/3 (b) , L4 (c) and L5 (d) at the four time points (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 ) are illustrated.

Article Snippet: After stable baseline recordings had been acquired for longer than 10 min, we administered SS (1.4 mM, S3007, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), the GABA A receptor agonist muscimol (MSC; 5 μM, Cat. No., 0289, Tocris, UK), the GABA A receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI; 4 μM, Cat. No., 2503, Tocris), and the GABA B receptor antagonist CGP 55845 hydrochloride (CGP; 2 μM, Cat. No. 1248, Tocris) for 10–30 min (e.g., Figures ).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Oxytocin Improves Autistic Behaviors by Positively Shifting GABA Reversal Potential via NKCC1 in Early‐Postnatal‐Stage

doi: 10.1002/advs.202415432

Figure Lengend Snippet: GABA A reversal potential and GABA synaptic inputs were reduced in VPA‐exposed mice. (A) Diagram of whole‐cell patch clamp recording of the GABA A reversal potential in CA3 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. (B) I‒V curves of GABA A currents in control brain slices (before and after muscimol was applied). (C) Calculating the GABA A reversal potential of the control brain (when the values of “Before” minus “After” equal zero). (D) I‒V curves of GABA A currents in VPA brain slices. (E) Calculating the GABA A reversal potential of the VPA brain. (F) Statistical results of the GABA A reversal potential of the control and VPA‐treated mice at P7 ( n = 4, n = 10). The mean value (line) and SEM (shadow area) of the I‒V curves are shown. (G) The GABA A reversal potential at different time points. A significant difference was found in the VPA‐exposed mice at P7 ( n = 4, n = 10) [ns. P1: n = 4, n = 9, p = 0.9330; P14: N = 4, n = 8, p = 0.6584; and P28 (N = 5, n = 9)]. The data are expressed as the means ± SEMs, and statistical significance is indicated as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01; two‐way ANOVA was used. (H) Representative sGABA‐PSC recordings in CA3 pyramidal neurons from the control and VPA‐treated mice. (I) Representative mGABA‐PSCs in CA3 pyramidal neurons from the control and VPA‐treated mice. (J) The frequency (left) and amplitude (right) of sGABA‐PSCs in CA3 pyramidal neurons at P7 were compared between the control mice (N = 5, n = 10) and the VPA‐treated mice (N = 4, n = 10). (K) The frequency (left) and amplitude (right) of mGABA‐PSCs in CA3 pyramidal neurons at P7 were compared between the control mice (N = 5, n = 11) and the VPA‐treated mice (N = 6, n = 11). The data were analyzed, with N denoting the number of mice and n indicating the number of recorded neurons. The data are expressed as the means ± SEMs, and statistical significance is indicated as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001, unpaired t ‐test. See also Figure (Supporting Information).

Article Snippet: For determination of the driving force for Cl − to enter via GABA A receptors, the equilibrium potential of Cl − was evaluated in the slow‐ramp experiment (the voltage command ranged from −40 to −80 mV with dV/dt = 10 mV s −1 ) by comparing the I‒V curves before and after the application of muscimol (5 μ m , Tocris Bioscience, cat. number: No. 0289/1), a highly selective agonist of GABA A receptors.

Techniques: Patch Clamp, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: GABA Maintains the Proliferation of Progenitors in the Developing Chick Ciliary Marginal Zone and Non-Pigmented Ciliary Epithelium

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036874

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Relative qRT PCR amplification levels of the 19 GABA A receptor subunit mRNA in NPE cells. Grey columns for α subunits, red columns for β subunits, green columns for γ subunits, blue columns for δ, ε, π subunits and purple columns for ρ subunits. Error bars ±SD, n = 4 independent preparations each containing a pool of more than 10 NPE. (B) Electrophysiology of dissociated NPE cells. 1 µM GABA activated currents (−90 mV holding potential) that were inhibited by application of the GABA A receptor antagonist SR-95531 (100 µM). n = 5. (C) Gaussian fits to all-points histograms derived from the current record shown in (B): solid line, currents after GABA application; broken line, currents after application of SR-95531. The difference between the two peaks in the presence of GABA equals the mean tonic current (−6.2 pA). (D) Relative qRT PCR amplification levels of NKCC1, KCC2, GAD65 and GAD67 mRNA in acute NPE cells compared to 6 months old retina (NKCC1 and KCC2) or cultured NPE cells (GAD65 and GAD67). Error bars ±SD, n = 4 as above.

Article Snippet: The cells were then treated with 1 µM GABA (Tocris, Bristol, UK; cat. no. 0344), 50 µM muscimol (Tocris, cat. no. 0289), 20 µM bicuculline methiodide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; cat. no. 14343), 50 µM SR-95531 (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. S106), 50 µM picrotoxin (Tocris, cat. no. 1128) or 10 µM nifedipine (Tocris, cat. no 1075) ( ).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Amplification, Derivative Assay, Cell Culture

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: GABA Maintains the Proliferation of Progenitors in the Developing Chick Ciliary Marginal Zone and Non-Pigmented Ciliary Epithelium

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036874

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bar graphs show the relative proliferation levels of dissociated NPE cells determined by incorporation of [ 3 H]-thymidine. (A) Proliferation levels of cells treated with FGF-2 (1.5 µg/ml), bicuculline (20 µM bicuculline, 1 µM GABA), SR-95331 (50 µM SR-95531, 1 µM GABA), picrotoxin (50 µM picrotoxin, 1 µM GABA) and muscimol (50 µM muscimol, 1 µM GABA) in relation to control cells (1 µM GABA), (B) Proliferation levels of cells treated with the VGCC antagonist nifedipine (10 µM nifedipine, 1 µM GABA), KCl (20 mM, 1 µM GABA), bicuculline (20 µM, 1 µM GABA) or KCl + bicuculline (20 µM bicuculline, 20 mM KCl, 1 µM GABA) in relation to control cells (1 µM GABA). Vehicle and control for nifedipine treatment was DMSO (0.01%). Error bars ±SD, n = 4 independent cultures. Statistical test was one-way ANOVA, Tukey's multi-comparison post-hoc test; p<0.05*, p<0.01**, p<0.001***. (C) Bright-field phase contrast micrographs of cultured dissociated control and bicuculline-treated NPE cells. Arrowheads point at initial clusters and spheres with proliferating cells. bic, bicuculline; ctrl, control; FGF-2, basic fibroblast growth factor; mus, muscimol; nif, nifedipine; pic, picrotoxin; SR, SR-95531. Scale bar in (C) is 100 µm.

Article Snippet: The cells were then treated with 1 µM GABA (Tocris, Bristol, UK; cat. no. 0344), 50 µM muscimol (Tocris, cat. no. 0289), 20 µM bicuculline methiodide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; cat. no. 14343), 50 µM SR-95531 (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. S106), 50 µM picrotoxin (Tocris, cat. no. 1128) or 10 µM nifedipine (Tocris, cat. no 1075) ( ).

Techniques: Cell Culture